Orientarea astronomică a unor cetăţi dacice

Abstract

Since mid II century BC economic and cultural flowering of Dacia was particularly illustrated by the emergence and development of fortified settlements and the construction of fortified cities, protected by stone walls (e.g. Orăştie-Mountains). Burebista State marked the end of tribal power, the crystallization of Geto-Dacian world in new forms within a given geographical area, based on a significant economic force. Restoring the Dacian State under the reign of King Decebal (87–106) gave a smaller state, but better organized. The state ceased to exist after the Roman conquest (106), when Dacia became a province of the empire. In the interval between the reigns of Decebal and Burebista in Orăştie Mountains’ fortress was created a unique defense system in the European architecture. Around these settlements were constructed sanctuaries, somewhat similar in shape, which are the expression of a strong religion, witnessed the ceremonies in the past, as well as the defense system, which suggests the close connection between the religious and warrior spirit. Orăştie Mountains, a vast region (about 500 km2) is occupied by fortifications, small forts, towers. Dacian’s preference for stone ornamentation seen in the military decorations, but also inside the settlement construction: sanctuaries, roads, canals. Dacians astronomical orientation was known; they orientated their construction, fortresses and sanctuaries. The Dacian fortresses in Orăştie Mountain are, monuments included on the UNESCO World Heritage List. Using our program, written in Matlab language, we calculate the size and position of the solar arc for the given period. These calculations show more clearly the astronomical significance of the Dacian fortress, and, from another point of view, these calculations emphasizes the advanced technology in building construction.

Keywords: Astronomy, orientation, Dacian fortress.