Working Papers Contested Order/ eAQUA Working Papers

Overview of the Working Papers published in the Working Paper Series of the Research Area CONTESTED ORDER

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6.3 Die Sozialwissenschaftliche Perspektive

Maria Hahnekamp

6.2 Anders als in den Sozialwissenschaften. Ein naturwissenschaftlicher Ansatz zur Erklärung nomadischer Mobilität

Romina Martin

6.1 Überlegungen zur historischen Perspektive der Mobilitätsforschung

Marco Stockhusen

6 Drei Perspektiven. Ausblick und disziplinäre Kommentare zur Interpretation der Ergebnisse

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The final part offers disciplinary approaches towards the working group’s notion of ‘mobility’. Research outlook are presented from a historical (6.1), natural-science (6.2) and socialscience (6.3) perspective respectively. On the one hand, this reveals the terminological and
methodological differences that were perceived as obstacles during the interdisciplinary dialogue.
On the other hand, this discussion is elementary to the practical interdisciplinary work, documenting how individual and selective perceptions shaped the group work in a transparent way.

5 Das Plenum 2010: Handel und Mobilität im Sudan zwischen nomothetischer und idiographischer Perspektive

Enrico Ille

Based on the previously developed scheme of mobility phenomena this chapter presents research results on trade and mobility in Sudan. The author continues with an epistemological discussion on the characteristics and value of the scheme in explaining mobility.

4.2 Gegenwartsbezogenes Fallbeispiel: Marktintegration und Mobilität im Osten des tibetischen Hochplateaus

Janka Linke

4.1 Historisches Fallbeispiel: Völkerwanderungen im römischen Reich

Thomas Brüggemann

4 Mobilität erfassen: Auswertung der Umfrage 2011

Janka Linke

Part 4 presents results of the 2011 survey conducted among the subprojects of the Collaborative Research Centre. The responses were originally supposed to deliver crucial input for the working group's further approach towards 'mobility'. However, admitting the limited significance of the survey results, the working group started to draw on the ultimate strength of the entire Research Centre: the great number of individual case studies on mobile (nomadic) communities. Hence, part 4.1 deals with a historical case study on the temporal migration of the actually sedentary Germanic tribes (375-568) during their encroachment into the Roman Empire. The author Thomas Brüggemann points to the multiple causes of Germanic mobility and describes how the Germanic peoples adapted to the mobile way of life by employing specific nomadic techniques and practices. In contrast, the empirical case study (4.2) on the caterpillar fungus economy in eastern Tibetan areas (Qinghai Province, China) by Janka Linke seeks to combine the concepts of 'social' and 'spatial' mobility by linking specific notions of markets and resources. The contrasting case studies allow insights into the different methodological and conceptual approaches of empirical and historical research respectively.

1 Einleitung

Maria Hahnekamp

This report reflects on mobility as current and historical phenomenon in human societies.
The paper is based on four years of research in a working group on mobility within the Collaborative
Research Centre (Sonderforschungsbereich) which focused on interdependencies between nomadic and sedentary people. The authors provide various perspectives on the specification of mobility phenomena and the constitution of knowledge systems based on the diverse disciplines involved, such as archeology, ancient history, ethnography, social geography and ecological-system science. The challenge was to find a common ground discussing
mobility where social and natural scientists exchanged and built upon their empirical and theoretical knowledge. The rich data base of case studies provided a starting point for a constructive dialogue. The report allows insights into the recent state of the art and questions of mobility research. On a wider level it illustrates how interdisciplinary projects
can work effectively on such an intersecting topic. The report finalizes with disciplinary outlooks on synergies gained from this work.

3 Die interdisziplinäre Herausforderung. Konsens und Kompromisse in der Entwicklung eines gemeinsamen Mobilitätsbegriffs

Romina Martin

After four years of work, the results of the working group mobility are presented as ethnological case study for interdisciplinary cooperation. Important steps are described chronologically by referring to protocols, summaries of plenary sessions and discussions about literature. By doing so, one can follow how this group analysed notions of mobility and the current state of research on mobility. Using the concepts of social world, arenas, boundary objects, and conventions supported the critical review of this negotiation process. Conclusively,
characteristics of the interdisciplinary group such as personal background, expectations and goals shaped how mobility was commonly understood at the end.

2 Reflexion und Anpassung – Über die Forschungssituation in Deutschland und das wissenschaftliche Streben nach Innovation durch Interdisziplinarität

Felix Paetzel

The starting point of this paper is the question how different scholars from different scientific cultures come together to work on a certain subject, in our case the broad term “mobility”. I argue that the postmodern perception of knowledge and technology, as uncertain paired with the permanent social need for innovation, created a scientific landscape where
interdisciplinarity is one of the most popular answers to our epistemic problems, especially in the growing area of external funding. In the following, I describe certain aspects of the landscape of research in Germany in particular the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) as the largest institution of external funding and their implementation of innovation and interdisciplinarity. Finally, I discuss the origins of our research group which, in the zeitgeist of modern researching and due to the research proposal to the DFG, tried to find an innovative approach to the term mobility in an interdisciplinary setting.

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Overview of the Working Papers published in the Working Paper Series of the Research Area CONTESTED ORDER

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Regieren in der Planstadt. Raum, Wissen und Macht in der »Ville Contemporaine«

Claudio Altenhain

Le Corbusier‟s Ville Contemporaine has frequently been quoted as a major example of “authoritarian
high modernism” and often serves as a negative foil for present-day approaches to urban planning. Diverging from this line of normatively charged approaches, the present article sets the groundwork for a “critique” which emancipates the Ville Contemporaine from its creator and places it at the crossroads of contemporary discourses problematizing urban agglomerations. The aim is to scrutinize the epistemic preconditions of Le Corbusier‟s approach
towards urban planning in order to better understand the “answer” he gave by designing the Ville Contemporaine. The article identifies three main axes of reasoning: first, the bird‟s eye as a mode of abstraction and an imperative of “ordering” intervention; second, statistical representations of traffic as well as population and the prognostic evidence emanating from them; third, a “physiological” conceptualization of the city and the consequent necessity of enforcing “(re)organization”.

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Die ersten zwei Jahrhunderte römischer Geschichtsschreibung: Entwicklungslinien – Bedingungen – Besonderheiten

Uwe Walter

Since they started writing during the Hannibalic war Roman historians used to take a Romecentered
view of the world. The paper summerizes the most salient features of the first two centuries of Roman historical writing systematically, treating the causes and prerequisites of its emerging, literary and cultural contexts, and the specific annalistic structure of the later narratives, though Roman historical writing up to and including Livy cannot be subsumed under the umbrella term ‘annalistic’. The development of the genre was in the main determined by individual authors and their works, at its conclusion, in Sallust and Livy it produced
authors whose works offered to the Renaissance and the French Revolution archetypes of civic virtue and its decay.

Die Römische Republik als Kultur des Erinnerns, Deutens und Vergessens

Yvonne Baumann

This paper addresses the cultural memory of the Roman Republic through a cross-cultural perspective/approach. It contrasts the mechanisms of remembering within the Roman republican society and in Athens in the 5th century BC starting with some general remarks to the
present discussion of different types of memory. A main point of the research is the relationship between remembering and forgetting and its importance/consequences for the construction
of identity. Another question is the possibility of a distinct culture and memory of the populus in contrast to the nobility and their possible places/media of remembrance, in myth and festivity.

Editorial

Michaela Rücker

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„Organisationales Lernen“ und Lernen über „Geschichte als Argument“ bei nichtstaatlichen Gewaltakteuren. Das Beispiel der FARC-EP in Kolumbien

Heidrun Zinecker — 2015-01-15

The central point of the article is the Colombian FARC-EP, the oldest and, by members, the largest guerrilla and therefore one of the most important non-state violent actors in Latin America. Its potentials for peace- and violence-learning will be analyzed in a normative but at the same time open perspective. The theoretical foundation is a learning model based upon the theory of “organizational learning” and learning by “history as an argument”. The research period reaches from the founding of the guerrilla 1964 until the present. The relationship
to each other will be shown between “organizational learning” and learning by “history as an argument”, and both of them to peace- and violence-learning, whether the one type of learning withstands compared to the other, respectively when and how the one is
questioning the other and which role does this play for the peace negotiations in 2012/2013.

Gewalt und Erinnerung. Die „Gegenwart der Vergangenheit“ im nordossetisch-inguschetischen Gewaltkonflikt

Dana Jirouš — 2015-01-15

This paper analyzes processes of remembrance as a legitimizing ressource in the mobilization process of the Ingush-Ossetian violent conflict (1992). The analysis of collective remembrance in this conflict shows that there are four principles that the ingush conflict actors use in order to legitimize their claims to the territory of Prigorodnyj Rajon. These four principles are also found in the narratives of former inhabitants of the disputed territory. The study shows that narratives of the inhabitants' parents or grandparents complete and strengthen the publicly used memory-based arguments. Reasoning based on collective remembrance is particularly convincing when public representations of the past (collective memory) overlap with individual and communicative remembrance. In addition, processes of communicative remembrance do not only transfer concrete representations of past events but also emotions from one generation to the next that the latter adopt against the background of their own experiences. In conclusion, to contain violent conflicts one has to consider processes of remembrance as potentially mobilizing factors in the escalation of ethnic conflicts. Doing this it is essential to look at collective remembrance at societal level as well as individual and communicative remembrance.

Organisationales Lernen im Kontext von Gewalteinhegungsprozessen. Die Polizeimissionen in Bosnien-Herzegowina und Mazedonien

Stefanie Rämmler — 2015-01-15

It is generally agreed that political actors can learn. If we define international organizations as political actors, and not as instruments as most theories of international relations do this, than they should also have the ability to learn. But how do international organizations learn? In the article, I answer this question by using a model of organizational learning. I examine the trigger for learning, actors of learning, the learning process and the objective of learning.
Against this background, I identify two research gaps: the one is the question, why individual learning becomes organizational learning, and the other is, why an organization learns in the quality of a double-loop. By analyzing different successful and unsuccessful learning processes in the police missions in Bosnia-Herzegovina (UNMIBH, EUPM) and Macedonia (Proxima) concerning the containment of violence between 1995 and 2006, I verify structural
differences concerning hierarchy, centralization and the division of labor which have an impact on the connection between individual and organizational learning, and I show which external factors influence double-loop learning.

Gewaltpraxis zwischen Kultur, Kognition und Ökonomie. Das Beispiel der Jugendbanden in El Salvador

Hannes Warnecke

Theoretically, this article focuses on the causes of the social organization of violence. Whereas approaches of political economy accentuate context conditions and changing opportunities for the use of violence, cultural approaches centre on the narratives of the violent act and therefore on the description of violence. Linking both arguments through the recourse on new insights first in cognitive science and second in practice theory allows explaining forms of violence, hence, the social organization of violence through time and space. It is further argued that the reproduction of practices of violence heavily depends on the appropriation of symbolical as well as material resources. At the same time, specific cultural schemata need to be activated. Therefore, the explanation of the social organization of violence is rooted in the interplay of both levels. Taking Salvadorian youth gangs as an example,
this article applies the elaborated theoretical approach to show firstly how youth gangs evolved with the organization of symbolical resources and on traditional cultural schemata. Second, the dynamics of these youth gangs are illustrated and their subsequent transformation towards local violent broker accentuated.

Vorwort

Heidrun Zinecker

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Overview of the Working Papers published in the Working Paper Series of the Research Area CONTESTED ORDER

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Human Rights Language as an Instrument. An Analysis of the Sex Work Discourse in South Africa with a Focus on Human Rights

Ulrike Lühe

This paper addresses and investigates the ways sex work is being discussed in South Africa. The main focus is on the human rights discourse as applied by the South African parliament and the non-governmental organisation SWEAT (Sex Worker Education and Advocacy Taskforce). The research proceeds by analysing which human rights the two actors refer to and which discursive strategies they apply in order to pursue their varying agendas. This also includes a discussion of which actors are seen as violating sex workers’ human rights and preliminary conclusions on the agendas and objectives that might be underlying the respective discourses. The paper’s analysis indicates that human rights, here, are not an end in themselves, but rather a means to an end. Both actors utilise the very same human rights language with quite different effects and outcomes, which leads to conclusions about the instrumentality of human rights.

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Overview of the Working Papers published in the Working Paper Series of the Research Area CONTESTED ORDER

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Die freiheitliche demokratische Grundordnung und ihre Feinde – Anmerkungen zur Autorität des Rechts

Sarah Schulz — 2014-12-11

Der folgende Beitrag geht anhand der aktuellen Diskussion um die ‚Extremismusklausel‛ in den Programmen gegen ‚Rechtsextremismus‛ der Bundesregierung und des sächsischen Innenministeriums der Frage nach, woher ein Bezug auf Recht und Verfassung bzw. Bundesverfassungsgericht in politischen Debatten Autorität gewinnt. Antworten auf diese Frage
werden in der deutschen Staatsrechtstheorie sowie den Annahmen zur politischen Kultur gesucht. Vor allem aber wird der theoretische Ansatz von Jacques Derrida herangezogen. Mittels seiner Aussagen lassen sich ein mystischer Grund der Autorität und eine aporetische Struktur des Rechts darstellen. Recht auto-autorisiert sich, benötigt dennoch stetige Bejahung. Diese Bejahung kann auch das geforderte Bekenntnis zur freiheitlichen demokratischen Grundordnung sein, dass in der ‚Extremismusklausel‛ unterschrieben werden soll. Dieses Bekenntnis soll Demokratie schützen. Versteht man aber Demokratie im Derridaschen Sinne als eine entgrenzte, kommende, wird klar, dass eine Beschränkung ebenjener – und sei es auf eine freiheitlich demokratische Grundordnung – das verursacht, was es vorgibt, vermeiden zu wollen: die Zerstörung der Demokratie.

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Herodotzitate in Plutarchs De malignitate Herodoti aus eAQUA

Corinna Willkommen — 2014-07-28

Editionsvergleich Alkibiadesvita

Markus Klang — 2014-07-28

Editionsvergleich Periklesvita

Sebastian Blascheck — 2014-07-28

Editionsvergleich und Auswertung Kimonvita

Marie Lemser — 2014-07-28

Editionsvergleich Aristeidesvita

Kevin Straßburger — 2014-07-28

Editionsvergleich Themistoklesvita

Catherine Lang — 2014-07-28

Auswertung De malignitate Herodoti

Charlotte Schubert — 2014-07-28

Auswertung Alkibiadesvita

Markus Klang — 2014-07-28

Auswertung Periklesvita

Sebastian Blascheck — 2014-07-28

Auswertung Aristeidesvita

Kevin Straßburger — 2014-07-28

Auswertung Themistoklesvita

Catherine Lang — 2014-07-28

III.5 Untersuchungen mit dem Citationsgraphen von eAQUA zu Plutarchs Alkibiadesvita

Markus Klang — 2014-07-28

III.4 Untersuchungen mit dem Citationsgraphen von eAQUA zur Periklesvita des Plutarch

Sebastian Blaschek — 2014-07-28

III.3 Untersuchungen mit dem Citationsgraphen von eAQUA zur Kimonvita des Plutarch

Marie Lemser — 2014-07-28

III.2 Untersuchungen mit dem Citationsgraphen von eAQUA zur Aristeidesvita des Plutarch

Kevin Straßburger — 2014-07-28

III.1 Untersuchungen mit dem Citationsgraphen von eAQUA zur Themistoklesvita des Plutarch

Catherine Lang — 2014-07-28

AutorInnen

Die Redaktion — 2013-12-10

Glossar

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Visualisierung der Kleisthenischen Phylenreform

Almut Skroch — 2013-12-10

Visualisierung der Kleisthenischen Phylenreform

Oliver Bräckel — 2013-12-10

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eAQUA Working Paper Series

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Visualisierung der Kleisthenischen Phylenreform

Corina Willkommen — 2013-12-10

Visualisierung der Kleisthenischen Phylenreform

Sonnhild Weirauch — 2013-12-10

Visualisierung der Kleisthenischen Phylenreform

Kevin Straßburger — 2013-12-10

Visualisierung der Kleisthenischen Phylenreform

Kathleen Schröter — 2013-12-10

Visualisierung der Kleisthenischen Phylenreform

Jana Müller — 2013-12-10

Visualisierung der Kleisthenischen Phylenreform

Catherine Lang — 2013-12-10

Visualisierung der Kleisthenischen Phylenreform

Binia Golub — 2013-12-10

Visualisierung der Kleisthenischen Phylenreform

Keith Eckardt — 2013-12-10

Visualisierung und Wissensrepräsentation: Die kleisthenische Phylenreform

Charlotte Schubert — 2013-12-10

The papers in this volume of the Working Papers Contested Order examine the field of information visualization and address a number of issues concerning the visual representation of political order. It takes as starting point the reform of the political organization in Athens 508/7 B.C. embarking on the discussion of different possibilities of visualization. The papers presented here form part of a larger study of the eAQUA project, published in Working Papers Contested Order No.1 & 3 & 7 & 9.

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Die Alexanderhistoriker Ephippos von Olynth (FGrH 126) und Nikobule (FGrH 127) in eAQUA

Patrick Pfeil — 2013-12-04

This article deals with the authors Ephippos of Olynth and Nikobule who wrote texts about the king Alexander the Great as contemporaries of Alexander. These texts are delivered only as fragments, mostly by Athenaios, and were put together by Felix Jacoby in his fragment collection (Ephippos FGrH 126 and Nikobule FGrH 127). Both authors are known in the research discussion as very hostile to Alexander. This appraisal is discussed and revalued in the following article. New methods (searching mask and Citationsgraph) from the project
eAQUA were used. Thus a new arrangement of the fragments of Ephippos is suggested. In addition, a fragment that was found in the text of Athenaios can also be proved in Eustathios of Thessalonike. This new fragment must be added to the collection to Ephippos.

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Das Mental Maps-Interface: Erforschung von Konzepten in Raum und Zeit

Roxana Kath — 2013-12-04

For the eAQUA sub-project Mental Maps there was a need for a practical visualization that allows discovering concept change in time and space within larger amounts of data. The new tool should help to answer the following questions: When and where was a concept born? How did it spread? What authors referred to it? What was its original meaning? Were there any discursive controversies? When and under what circumstances did it disappear?
The Mental Maps Web Frontend was developed in cooperation between the Department of Ancient History Leipzig, the Department of Natural Language Processing Leipzig, the Department of Image and Signal Processing Leipzig and the Center for Retrospective Digitization Göttingen (GDZ). A first prototype was created based on the Thesaurus Linguae Graecae (TLG) and can be accessed under: http://www.eaqua.net/sti/. As a result of the work of the Mental Maps project the Web Frontend shows the great benefits
of interdisciplinary collaboration between the humanities and computer sciences. The new methods can be adapted by other humanities and social sciences for instance to analyze political, social or cultural discourses. After integrating additional corpora and associated meta-data the Mental Maps could be used for any kind of analysis of transfer and reception
processes in philosophy, literature or even art as well. The following Paper explores the possibilities of this new research tool on the eAQUAplatform.
It explains the different objects and functions of the Web Frontend and shows how to use them.

eAQUA: Text als „Wissensrohstoff?“

Michaela Rücker — 2013-12-04

The following article summarizes the main results of the last three years working on the eAQUA project – an interdisciplinary collaboration between computer science and classical studies. The work is based on the notion of text as a resource of knowledge (“Wissensrohstoff”). By using the methods of text mining, that means automatic analysis methods, new results should be found and unexpected connections should be identified. The developed tools are not new in computer science but the benefit lies in the more efficient work with the ancient texts. The paper gives also a short preview to the development of the eHumanities infrastructure that will be coordinated by CLARIN-Europe. At the same time a new project - “Dissemination” - begins, which follows eAQUA. So the results of eAQUA will be continued on a permanent basis in a close cooperation with other colleagues.

Detailed description of eAQUA search portal

Charlotte Schubert — 2013-12-04

In order to perform a search for a simple word or a conjunction of multiple words there is in classics currently some established software available (e.g. Diogens by P. Heslin, the Text Search function of TLG-online, Pandora). The search functions of newer text mining methods are going further by offering the potential to show syntagmatic contexts. If two terms are occurring together in at least one local context they are in a relationship that can be denominated as syntagmatic context. The search function of eAQUA is based on this fact. By typing a term in the search mask results of this kind are displayed as a graph visualization
(graphical display of a word net of sentence cooccurrences) and as lists of significant cooccurrences and neighborhood cooccurrences (both ordered by significance). With the help of examples derived from the project work in eAQUA (e.g. rare cooccurrences) shall be elucidated below which new and innovative potentials for the modus operandi of classicists are gained from the use of this search method.

Documentation for the use of the eAQUA function 'explorative search'

André Bünte — 2013-12-04

The aim of this article is to provide a concise and comprehendible technical documentation of the eAQUA tool "explorative search" for students and scholars of classical and ancient studies. So in plain terms it shall be described what kind of information the user obtains, how this information is generated and which conclusions might be drawn from it. This pattern has been implanted in the composition of this technical documentation, which consists of four parts. First the functionality is on focus followed by the description of the results and thirdly by the definition of these results. To round it off the fourth part will show the analysis of these results and give possibilities to interpret them for a subsequent integration into the further work.

Klassische Altertumswissenschaften, Digital Classics und das Feld des „new media encounter“

Charlotte Schubert — 2013-12-04

The field of the new media encounter is a narrative of long duration in the context of modernization and progress discourses, which starts in classical antiquity with Plato's myth of Theuth (Plat.Prot.) and is continued until today, e.g. in Lévi-Strauss' Tristes Tropiques (A World on the Wane). In the Digital Classics which constitute a new field in this encounter we can see the possibilities of the multi-dimensionality - here the conditions of order and arrangement of texts are discussed, but also the change in forms of representation. The position of the project eAQUA within the discussion of digital media is analyzed and some of the
perspectives are discussed which have emerged from the project work: cooccurrence search, the systematization of chance (serendipity), rare incidents and new ways of contextualizing the chronological and spatial visualization.

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