Online Encyclopedia Philosophy of Nature https://journals.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/index.php/oepn <p>The aim of the <em>Online Encyclopedia Philosophy of Nature </em>(OEPN) (ISSN 2629-8821) is to provide high-quality information on, and explanations of, natural-philosophical terms and subject areas and to make these freely accessible (Open Access) in German and English. There is no commercial interest.</p> <p>It is planned that the Encyclopedia will have entries on over 300 concepts. These will be written by academic experts, though their intended audience is not only academics but anyone who wants to understand what nature can be for us – and who is therefore interested in the philosophy of nature.</p> <p>The entries should be historical and pluralistic: they thematise selected historical changes in the concept under discussion and inform the reader as neutrally as possible (while still systematically classifying and commenting) of selected competing meanings and interpretations of the concept. In addition, authors may argue for or against certain uses of the concept – or even for a general abandonment of the concept. Terms that have significance beyond the field of the philosophy of nature, such as "spirit" and "possibility", are treated by emphasizing their specific natural philosophical meanings (without divorcing them from their broader philosophical contexts).</p> <p>All published manuscripts have been subjected to a peer review procedure (<em>blind</em>, if possible <em>double blind</em>).</p> <p><span class="VIiyi" lang="en"><span class="JLqJ4b ChMk0b" data-language-for-alternatives="en" data-language-to-translate-into="de" data-phrase-index="0">The lexicon is institutionally supported and financed by the <a href="https://www.fest-heidelberg.de/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Protestant Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (FEST)</a> in Heidelberg.</span></span></p> en-US effinger@ub.uni-heidelberg.de (Maria Effinger) wolf_daniela@ub.uni-heidelberg.de (Daniela Wolf) Sat, 01 Jul 2023 21:55:07 +0200 OJS 3.2.1.4 http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss 60 function https://journals.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/index.php/oepn/article/view/93953 <p>Organs, tissues, cells as well as biochemical components of living beings are ascribed functions. When talking about functional limitations and malfunctions, functions are referred to a norm. In such normative assessments of the performance of components of a system, biology differs fundamentally from physics, which has dispensed with this since the Renaissance. Understanding this feature of biology requires a more detailed explanation of the concept of function. Conceptions of this range from approaches that ground the functional status on the evolutionary emergence of a trait, to those that take the contribution to the integrity of an organism as the sole criterion for functionality, to approaches that see the reason for the use of functional statements in the peculiarity of biology <em>to consider</em> living beings<em> as organisms </em>and not merely as physical-chemical systems. At different phases of biological theorising and in different sub-disciplines, however, this consideration is justified in different ways. This raises the question of whether the concept of function can be unified or must be explained in theory-relative terms.</p> Ulrich Krohs Copyright (c) 2023 Ulrich Krohs https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0 https://journals.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/index.php/oepn/article/view/93953 Sat, 01 Jul 2023 00:00:00 +0200 Funktion https://journals.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/index.php/oepn/article/view/93954 <p>Organen, Geweben, Zellen sowie biochemischen Komponenten von Lebewesen werden Funktionen zugeschrieben. Mit der Rede von Funktionseinschränkungen und Fehlfunktionen werden Funktionen auf eine Norm bezogen. In solchen normativen Bewertungen der Leistung von Komponenten eines Systems unterscheidet sich die Biologie grundsätzlich von der Physik, die darauf seit der Renaissance verzichtet. Das Verständnis dieser Besonderheit der Biologie erfordert eine genauere Erläuterung des Funktionsbegriffs. Die Konzeptionen dafür reichen von Ansätzen, die den Funktionsstatus mit der evolutionären Entstehung eines Merkmals begründen, über solche, die allein den Beitrag zur Integrität eines Organismus zum Kriterium für Funktionalität nehmen, bis zu Ansätzen, die den Grund für die Verwendung von Funktionsaussagen in der Eigenart der Biologie sehen, Lebewesen <em>als Organismen zu betrachten</em> und nicht lediglich als physikalisch-chemische Systeme. In unterschiedlichen Phasen biologischer Theoriebildung und in unterschiedlichen Teildisziplinen wird diese Betrachtungsweise jedoch unterschiedlich gerechtfertigt. Dies wirft die Frage auf, ob der Funktionsbegriff vereinheitlicht werden kann oder aber theorienrelativ erläutert werden muss.</p> Ulrich Krohs Copyright (c) 2023 Ulrich Krohs https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0 https://journals.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/index.php/oepn/article/view/93954 Sat, 01 Jul 2023 00:00:00 +0200