Der hunnische Reflexbogen von Wien-Simmering Archäologie, Rekonstruktion und Praxis einer spätantiken Reiterwaffe

Abstract

The authors describe their reconstruction of a Hunnic reflex bow from the Migration Period. The reconstructed weapon was based on laths found in a warrior grave in the Simmering district of Vienna, which so far form the only near-complete set of seven antler reinforcements for a composite bow from the territory of the Roman Empire of Late Antiquity. For their reconstruction the authors reviewed and applied all known sources, evidence, illustrations, and finds relating to Hunnic bows as well as their own experience as bowyers. Information about missing parts of the bow was derived from other comparable finds. Notably the shape of the strung and completely drawn bow was developed using iconographic evidence from Central Asia such as the ‘Orlat Plaques’ and a frieze from the ‘Oxus Temple’. Twenty-five individual parts make up this ideal reconstruction. The result is a relatively heavy, asymmetric bow with a length of 160 cm, featuring flexible arms 6 cm in width with pronounced lever ends. The replica gives the impression of a robust weapon of war. Trials on foot and from horseback using reconstructed arrows gave a realistic idea of the capacity of the bow, the construction of which was optimised for the use of comparatively heavy arrows. The impressive pre-load, which stems from the long, stiff ends as well as the leverage and grip angles, results in an abrupt stop of the string which is more pronounced than in similar bows without a high pre-load. At the same time the bow has a very smooth draw. All in all, the reconstructed bow is an effective long-range weapon which is excellent for use on horseback.