Convergent validity of two decision making style measures
Identifiers (Article)
Identifiers (Files)
Abstract
Decision making research has witnessed a growing number of studies on individual differences and decision making styles, yet the lack of comprehensive frameworks and widely accepted measures has hindered research for a long time. There is an ongoing debate on whether individuals’ styles dynamically change across time and situations according to circumstances. Furthermore, it is an open question whether these styles are mutually exclusive. Decision style measures seek to determine one's dominant style as well as less used styles. To our knowledge this is the first study of the convergent validity of two widely used decision making style measures: The Decision Style Inventory (DSI) and the General Decision Making Style (GDMS). The direction and strength of correlation between directive, analytical, conceptual and behavioral styles as measured by DSI and rational, intuitive, dependent, avoidant and spontaneous styles as measured by GDMS have been tested. Results of the current study are compared with previous studies that have used one or both of the instruments. Correlations between styles are consistent with findings from other studies using one of the decision style measures, but the strength of correlations indicates that there is no convergent validity between DSI and GDMS.
Statistics
References
Allwood, C. M., & Salo, I. (2012). Decision-making styles and stress. International Journal of Stress Management, 19(1), 34–47. doi:10.1037/a0027420
Al-Omari, A. A. (2013). The relationship between decision making styles and leadership styles among public school principals. International Education Studies, 6(7), 100–110. doi:10.5539/ies.v6n7p100
Anderson, J. A. (2000). Intuition in managers: Are intuitive managers more effective? Journal of Managerial Psychology, 15(1), 46–63. doi:10.1108/02683940010305298
APA (1953). Ethical standards of psychologists. Wachington: American Psychological Association.
Appelt, K. C., Milch, K. F., Handgraaf, M. J., & Weber, E. U. (2011). The Decision Making Individual Dif-ferences Inventory and guidelines for the study of individual differences in judgment and decision-making research. Judgement and Decision Making, 6(3), 252–262.
Bäckström, M., & Holmes, B. M. (2001). Measuring adult attachment: A construct validation of two self-report instruments. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 42(1), 79–86. doi:10.1111/1467-9450.00216
Baron, J. (1985). Rationality and intelligence. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Bavol’ár, J., & Orosová, O. (2015). Decision-making styles and their associations with decision-making competencies and mental health. Judgment and Decision Making, 10(1), 115–122.
Betsch, C., & Iannello, P. (2010). Foundations for tracing intuition: Challenges and methods. In A. Glöckner, & C. Witteman (Eds.), Measuring individual differences in intuitive and deliberative deci-sion making styles. A comparison of different measures (pp. 251–271). London: Psychology Press.
Bohrnstedt, G. W. (2010). Measurement models for survey research. In P. V. Marsden, & J. D. Wright (Eds.), Handbook of survey research (pp. 347–404). Bingley: Emerald Group Publishing.
Boulgarides, J. D. (1984). The Decision Style Inventory: O.D. Applications. Management Research News, 7(4), 17–20. doi:10.1108/eb027850
Boulgarides, J. D., & Cohen, W. A. (2001). Leadership style vs. leadership tactics. Journal of Applied Management and Enrepreneurship, 6(1), 59–73.
Brislin, R. W. (1970). Back-translation for cross-cultural research. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psycholo-gy, 1(3), 185–216. doi:10.1177/135910457000100301
Brousseau, K. R., Driver, M. J., Hourihan, G., & Larsson, R. (2006). The seasoned executive’s decision-making style. Harvard Business Review, 84(2), 1–10. doi:10.1225/R0602F
Bruine de Bruin, W., Parker, A. M., & Fischhoff, B. (2007). Individual differences in adult decision-making competence. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 92(5), 938–956. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.92.5.938
Bryman, A. (1989). Research methods and organization studies. New York: Routledge.
Campbell, D. T., & Fiske, D. W. (1959). Convergent and discriminant validation by the multitrait-multimethod matrix. Psychological Bulletin, 56(2), 81–105. doi:10.1037/h0046016
Carelli, M. G., Wiberg, B., & Wiberg, M. (2011). Development and construct validation of the Swedish Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory. European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 27(4), 220–227. doi:10.1027/1015-5759/a000076
Connor, P. E., & Becker, B. W. (2003). Personal value systems and decision-making styles of public managers. Public Personnel Management, 32(1), 155–180. doi:10.1177/009102600303200109
Cronbach, L. J., & Meehl, P. E. (1955). Construct validity in psychological tests. Psychological Bulletin, 52(4), 281–302. doi:10.1037/h0040957
Curseu, P. L., & Schruijer, S. G. (2012). Decision styles and rationality: An analysis of the predictive va-lidity of the General Decision-Making Style Inventory. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 72(6), 1053–1062. doi:10.1177/0013164412448066
Daud, N. G., Adnan, W. A., & Noor, N. L. (2008). Information visualization techniques and decision style: The effects in decision support environments. International Journal of Digital Content Tech-nology and its Applications, 2(2), 20–24.
Davis, D. L., Grove, S. J., & Knowles, P. A. (1990). An experimental application of personality type as an analogue for decision-making style. Psychological Reports, 66(1), 167–175. doi:10.2466/pr0.1990.66.1.167
DeVon, H. A., Block, M. E., Moyle-Wright, P., Ernst, D. M., Hayden, S. J., Lazzara, D. J., . . . & Kostas-Polston, E. (2007). A psychometric toolbox for testing validity and reliability. Journal of Nursing scholarship, 39(2), 155–164. doi:10.1111/j.1547-5069.2007.00161.x
Dewberry, C., Juanchich, M., & Narendran, S. (2013). The latent structure of decision styles. Person-ality and Individual Differences, 54(5), 566–571. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2012.11.002
Driver, M. (1983). Decision style and organizational behavior: Implications for academia. The Review of Higher Education, 6(4), 387–406. doi:10.1353/rhe.1983.0014
Driver, M. J., Brousseau, K. R., & Hunsaker, P. L. (1990). The dynamic decision maker: five decision styles for executive and business success. New York: Harper & Row.
Epstein, S. (1994). Integration of cognitive and the psychodynamic unconscious. American Psy-chologist, 49(8), 709–724. doi:10.1037/0003-066X.49.8.709
Fox, T. L., & Wayne, S. J. (2005). The effect of decision style on the use of a project management tool: An empirical laboratory study. The Data Base for Advances in Information Systems, 36(2), 28–42. doi:10.1145/1066149.1066153
Furnham, A. (2002). Personality, style preference and individual development. In M. Pearn (Ed.), In-dividual differences and development in organisations (pp. 89–103). Chichester: John Wiley & Sons.
Galotti, K. M., Ciner, E., Altenbaumer, H. E., Geerts, H. J., Rupp, A., & Woulfe, J. (2006). Decision-making styles in a real-life decision: Choosing a college major. Personality and Individual Differences, 41(4), 629–639. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2006.03.003
Galotti, K. M., Tandler, J. M., & Wiener, H. J. (2014). Real-life decision making in college students II: do individual differences show reliable effects? American Journal of Psychology, 127(1), 33–42. doi:10.5406/amerjpsyc.127.1.0033
Gambetti, E., Fabbri, M., Bensi, L., & Tonetti, L. (2008). A contribution to the Italian validation of the General Decision-making Style Inventory. Personality and Individual Differences, 44(4), 842–852. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2007.10.017
Gati, I., & Saka, N. (2001). Internet-based versus paper and pencil assessment: Measuring career de-cision-making difficulties. Journal of Career Assessment, 9(4), 397–416. doi:10.1177/106907270100900406
Gati, I., Landman, S., Davidovitch, S., Asulin-Peretz, L., & Gadassi, R. (2010). From career decision-making styles to career decision-making profiles: A multidimensional approach. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 76(2), 277–291. doi:10.1016/j.jvb.2009.11.001
Germeijs, V., Luyckx, K., Notelaers, G., Goossens, L., & Verschueren, K. (2012). Choosing a major in higher education: Profiles of students’ decision-making process. Contemporary Educational Psychol-ogy, 37(3), 22–239. doi:10.1016/j.cedpsych.2011.12.002
Gordon, M. E., Slade, L. A., & Schmitt, N. (1986). The "Science of the Sophomore" revisited: From conjecture to empiricism. The Academy of Management Review, 11(1), 19–207. doi:10.5465/AMR.1986.4282666
Hagan, A. J., & Rogers, J. C. (1988). The role of decision style in selecting marketing managers: A comparison of Peruvian and U.S. styles. In K. D. Bahn (Ed.), Proceedings of the 1988 Academy of Marketing Science (AMS) annual conference (pp. 527–529). New York: Springer. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-17046-6_125
Hamilton, K., Shih, S.-I., & Mohammed, S. (2016). The development and validation of the rational and intuitive decision styles scale. Journal of Personality Assessment, 98(5), 523–535. doi:10.1080/00223891.2015.1132426
Hansson, P. H., & Andersen, J. A. (2007). The Swedish Principal: Leadership style, decision-making style, and motivation profile. International Electronic Journal for Leadership in Learning, 11(8), 1–13.
Hariri, H. (2011). Leadership styles, decision-making styles, and teacher job satisfaction: an Indone-sian school context. Townsville: James Cook University.
Hariri, H., Monypenny, R., & Prideaux, M. (2016). Teacherperceived principal leadership styles, deci-sion-making styles and job satisfaction: how congruent are data from Indonesia with the Anglophile and Western literature? School Leadership & Management, 36(1), 41–62. doi:10.1080/13632434.2016.1160210
Harren, V. A. (1979). A model of career decision making for college students. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 14(2), 119–133. doi:10.1016/0001-8791(79)90065-4
Highhouse, S., Dalal, R., & Salas, E. (2013). Judgment and decision making at work. New York: Routledge.
Jamian, L. S., Sidhu, G. K., & Aperapar, P. S. (2013). Managerial decision styles of deans in institutions of higher learning. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 90, 278–287. doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.07.092
Kahneman, D. (2003). Maps of bounded rationality. American Economic Review, 93(5), 1449–1475. doi:10.1257/000282803322655392
Kimberlin, C. L., & Winterstein, A. G. (2008). Validity and reliability of measurement instruments used in research. American Journal of Health Systems Pharmacy, 65(23), 2276–2284. doi:0.2146/ajhp070364
Kinicki, A., & Williams, B. (2013). Management: A practical introduction (6 ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.
Kozhevnikov, M. (2007). Cognitive styles in the context of modern psychology: Toward an integrat-ed framework of cognitive style. Psychological Bulletin, 133(3), 464–481. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.133.3.464
Leonard, N. H., Scholl, R. W., & Kowalski, K. B. (1999). Information processing style and decision making. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 20(3), 407–420. doi:0.1002/(SICI)1099-1379(199905)20:3<407::AID-JOB891>3.0.CO;2-3
Lewin, K. (1936). Principles of topological psychology. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Leykin, Y., & DeRubeis, R. J. (2010). Decision-making styles and depressive symptomatology: Devel-opment of the Decision Styles Questionnaire. Judgment and Decision Making, 5(7), 506–515.
Loo, R. (2000). A psychometric evaluation of the General Decision- Making Style Inventory. Persona-lity and Individual Differences, 29(5), 895–905. doi:10.1016/S0191-8869(99)00241-X
Martinsons, M. G., & Davison, R. M. (2007). Strategic decision making and support systems: Compar-ing American, Japanese and Chinese management. Decision Support Systems, 43(1), 284–300. doi:10.1016/j.dss.2006.10.005
McKenney, J. L., & Keen, P. G. (1974). How managers’ minds work. Harvard Business Review, 52(3), 79–90.
McShane, S. L., & Glinow, M. A. (2010). Organizational behaviour: Emerging knowledge and practice for the real world (5 ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill/Irwin.
Mech, T. F. (1993). The managerial decision styles of academic library directors. College & Research Libraries, 54(5), 375–386. doi:10.5860/crl_54_05_375
Mitroff, I. (1983). Stakeholders of the organizational mind. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass Publishers.
Mohammed, S., & Schwall, A. (2009). Individual differences and decision making: What we know and where we go from here. In G. P. Hodkginson, & J. K. Ford (Eds.), International Review of Industrial and Organizational Psychology (Vol. 24, pp. 249–312). Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell.
Nunnally, J. (1978). Psychometric methods. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Nunnally, J. C., & Bernstein, I. H. (1994). Psychometric theory (3 ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.
Nutt, P. C. (1990). Strategic decisions made by top executives and middle managers with data and process dominant styles. Journal of Management Studies, 27(2), 173–194. doi:10.1111/j.1467-6486.1990.tb00759.x
Osipow, S. H. (1999). Assessing career indecision. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 55(1), 147–154. doi:10.1006/jvbe.1999.1704
Park, D. (1996). Gender role, decision style and leadership style. Women in Management Review, 11(8), 13–17. doi:10.1108/09649429610148737
Penino, C. M. (2002). Is decision style related to moral development among managers in the US? Journal of Business Ethics, 41(4), 337–347. doi:10.1023/A:1021282816140
Raffaldi, S., Iannello, P., Vittani, L., & Antonietti, A. (2012). Decision-making styles in the workplace: Relationships between self-report questionnaires and a contextualized measure of the analytical-systematic versus global-intuitive approach. SAGE Open, 2(2), 1–11. doi:10.1177/2158244012448082
Robey, D., & Taggart, W. (1981). Measuring managers’ minds: The assessment of style In human in-formation processing. Academy of Management Review, 6(3), 375–393. doi:10.5465/AMR.1981.4285773
Rowe, A. J., & Boulgarides, J. D. (1983). Decision styles: A perspective. Learning and Organizational Development Journal, 4(4), 3–9. doi:10.1108/eb053534
Rowe, A. J., & Boulgarides, J. D. (1992). Managerial Decision Making. New York: McMillan.
Rowe, A. J., & Davis, S. A. (1996). Intelligent information systems: Meeting the challenge of the knowledge era. Westport: Quorum Books.
Rowe, A. J., & Mason, R. O. (1987). Managing with style: A guide to understanding, assessing, and improving decision making. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
Rowe, A. J., Boulgarides, J. D., & McGrath, M. R. (1984). Managerial decision making. Chicago, IL: Sci-ence Research Associates.
Rowe, A. J., Mason, R. O., Dickel, K. E., Mann, R. B., & Mockler, R. J. (1994). Strategic management: A methodological approach (4 ed.). New York: Addison-Wesley.
Rubinton, N. (1980). Instruction in career decision making and decision-making styles. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 27(6), 581–588. doi:10.1037/0022-0167.27.6.581
Russ, F. A., McNeilly, K. M., & Comer, J. M. (1996). Leadership, decision making and performance of sales managers: A multilevel approach. Journal of Personal Selling & Sales Management, 16(3), 1–15. doi:10.1080/08853134.1996.10754060
Sager, K. L., & Gastil, J. (1999). Reaching consensus on consensus: A study of the relationships be-tween individual decision-making styles and use of the consensus decision rule. Communication Quarterly, 47(1), 67–79. doi:10.1080/01463379909370124
Schwarzer, R., & Schwarzer, C. (1996). A critical survey of coping. In M. E. Zeidner (Ed.), Handbook of coping: Theory, research, applications (pp. 107–132). New York: Wiley.
Scott, S. G., & Bruce, R. A. (1995). Decision-making style: The development and assessment of a new measure. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 55(5), 818–831. doi:10.1177/0013164495055005017
Shackleton, D., Pitt, L., & Marks, A. S. (1990). Managerial decision styles and Machiavellianism: a comparative study. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 5(1), 9–16. doi:10.1108/02683949010139492
Spicer, D. P., & Sadler-Smith, E. (2005). An examination of the General Decision Making Style Ques-tionnaire in two UK samples. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 20(2), 137–149. doi:10.1108/02683940510579777
Streufert, S., & Nogami, G. Y. (1989). Cognitive style and complexity: Implications for I/O psycholo-gy. In C. L. Cooper, & I. T. Robertson (Eds.), International review of industrial and organizational psy-chology (pp. 93–143). Oxford: John Wiley & Sons.
Sylvie, G., & Huang, J. S. (2008). Value systems and decision-making styles of newspaper front-line editors. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 85(1), 61–82. doi:10.1177/107769900808500105
Taggart, W., Robey, D., & Kroeck, G. (1985). Managerial decision styles and cerebral dominance: An empirical study. Journal of Management Studies, 22(2), 175-192. doi:10.1111/j.1467-6486.1985.tb00071.x
Tatum, B. C., Eberlin, R., Kottraba, C., & Bradberry, T. (2003). Leadership, decision making, and or-ganizational justice. Management Decision, 41(10), 1006–1016. doi:10.1108/00251740310509535
Thunholm, P. (2004). Decision-making style: Habit, style or both? Personality and Individual Diffe-rences, 36(4), 931–944.doi:10.1016/S0191-8869(03)00162-4
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
