Navigating Provenance in Flux

Debates over the Teutonic Order’s Archive from Königsberg after World War Two

Abstract

This study explores discussions after World War Two surrounding the Teutonic Order’s archives in Königsberg, with a focus on Swedish historians’ interest in the topic. Amidst debates over the archives’ localization, the complexities of archival provenance emerge, influenced by wartime movements and national affiliations. The dispute over the Teutonic Order’s archive unfolded against the backdrop of international legal and historical arguments. Scholars like Herbert Kraus and Erich Weise advocated for their retention in Germany, emphasizing their significance for Western European research interests. Conversely, Polish claims to the archives underscored their importance within the context of Polish history. International scholars, including Emil Schieche, contributed perspectives transcending national boundaries, but often intertwined with nationalist ideologies. The principle of provenance emerged as a central point of contention, with interpretations varying among scholars. This fluidity in provenance complicates efforts to determine ownership and jurisdiction over historical documents, particularly in the aftermath of territorial changes and population displacements in the wake of World War Two. In summary, the dispute over the Teutonic Order’s archive highlights the intricate nature of provenance and its interpretation, shaped by historical, cultural, and national identity considerations. Divergent perspectives among scholars reflect varying understandings of provenance’s relevance and implications for the ownership and fate of historical archives on a global scale.